AI crawlers explained - and what to put in robots.txt
A handful of named crawlers now decide whether your site exists in AI answers. Each serves a different purpose - training, live search, or agent browsing - and each can be allowed or refused independently in robots.txt. Here is the practical map.
The crawlers that matter
| User-agent | Operator | What it feeds |
|---|---|---|
GPTBot | OpenAI | Model training and ChatGPT browsing corpus |
OAI-SearchBot | OpenAI | ChatGPT search results (live citations) |
ClaudeBot | Anthropic | Claude training and retrieval |
Claude-User | Anthropic | Fetches made on behalf of a Claude user/agent |
PerplexityBot | Perplexity | Perplexity answer engine index (cited sources) |
Google-Extended | Gemini training/grounding - separate from Googlebot ranking | |
CCBot | Common Crawl | Open web corpus used by many research/AI projects |
Bytespider | ByteDance | Model training |
Decide deliberately, not by default
Three coherent policies - pick one on purpose:
1. Open (be findable in AI surfaces)
# AI crawlers welcome
User-agent: GPTBot
Allow: /
User-agent: ClaudeBot
Allow: /
User-agent: PerplexityBot
Allow: /
User-agent: Google-Extended
Allow: /
2. Search yes, training no
# Allow live AI search/citation, refuse training corpora
User-agent: OAI-SearchBot
Allow: /
User-agent: PerplexityBot
Allow: /
User-agent: GPTBot
Disallow: /
User-agent: Google-Extended
Disallow: /
User-agent: CCBot
Disallow: /
3. Closed
User-agent: GPTBot
Disallow: /
User-agent: ClaudeBot
Disallow: /
User-agent: PerplexityBot
Disallow: /
User-agent: Google-Extended
Disallow: /
User-agent: CCBot
Disallow: /
Whatever you choose: keep a
Sitemap: line in robots.txt, and remember an empty or missing robots.txt means "everything allowed" to compliant crawlers - a decision by omission.How this affects your audit
Our 30-check audit reads your robots.txt and reports whether AI crawlers have explicit rules - silence scores lower than a deliberate policy, whichever direction you pick, because agents and their operators reward clarity.
Check your robots.txt and full readiness now
Frequently asked
- Should I block GPTBot?
- It is a business decision, not a technical default. Blocking removes your content from ChatGPT-era answers and future training; allowing trades content for visibility in AI surfaces. For most businesses that want to be found and cited, allowing search/agent crawlers is the pragmatic choice.
- Does blocking Google-Extended hurt my Google rankings?
- No. Google-Extended only controls use of your content for Gemini training and grounding; normal Googlebot indexing and ranking are unaffected.
- Do AI crawlers respect robots.txt?
- The major named crawlers (GPTBot, ClaudeBot, PerplexityBot, Google-Extended, CCBot) publicly commit to respecting robots.txt. Unnamed scrapers may not - robots.txt is a policy signal, not an enforcement mechanism.